Key elements of a planned sustainable city are low energy consumption, sustainable use of space, building materials that are kept in circulation, and social equity. With an increasing urbanization trend, the demand for residential and commercial space is growing. This leads to higher levels of energy consumption as well as more waste. A sustainable economy requires a massive transformation of the infrastructure of urban spaces, as well as individual and public transportation. To become sustainable, cities must meet these challenges.
\n\n
A research project has developed a simulation game for this purpose, which makes it possible to experience the processes required for this in a playful way.
\n\n
The topic of \"sustainable mobility\" has been a focus of Swiss politics for years. Nevertheless, mobility continues to grow and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. In the long term, Swiss mobility should be environmentally friendly (net zero), economically efficient and at the same time accessible to all population groups and parts of the country.
\n\n
A research project shows how the Swiss transport sector can achieve the net zero goal by 2050 with favorable economic effects.
\n","optionen":[],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"PersonTeaser","data":{"id":699,"title":"Synthese","slug":"synthese","link":"/en/dev/part-data/staedte-und-mobilitaet-elemente/synthese","project":"no"}},{"component":"ProjekteTeaser","data":{"id":700,"title":"Projekte","slug":"projekte","link":"/en/dev/part-data/staedte-und-mobilitaet-elemente/projekte","optionen":["inherit"],"projects":[{"id":536,"title":"Post-fossil cities","slug":"post-fossil-cities","link":"/en/projects/post-fossil-cities","tags":[{"id":42,"slug":"bodies-confederation-cantons-municipalities","title":"Bodies (Confederation, cantons, municipalities)","link":"/en/tags/viewpoint/bodies-confederation-cantons-municipalities","group":40},{"id":44,"slug":"ngos-and-civil-society","title":"NGOs and civil society","link":"/en/tags/viewpoint/ngos-and-civil-society","group":40},{"id":1109,"slug":"life-cycle-assessment-lca","title":"Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)","link":"/en/tags/focus/life-cycle-assessment-lca","group":145},{"id":1112,"slug":"education-skills-and-social-welfare","title":"Education, skills and social welfare","link":"/en/tags/focus/education-skills-and-social-welfare","group":145},{"id":1113,"slug":"digitisation","title":"Digitisation","link":"/en/tags/focus/digitisation","group":145},{"id":1115,"slug":"ecosystem-and-climate","title":"Ecosystem and climate","link":"/en/tags/focus/ecosystem-and-climate","group":145}],"vorschaubild":{"id":73,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_62df7dff5a3c1.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_62df7dff5a3c1.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_62df7dff5a3c1.jpg"},"kontakt":"Dr. Patrick Wäger","optionen":[],"technicalName":"","projektLink":"http://www.postfossilcities.com/","topic":91,"sdg":297,"color":"#F59C0E","parts":[{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":538,"title":"Post-fossil cities","slug":"intro","link":"","textVorBild":"","bild":{"id":73,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_62df7dff5a3c1.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_62df7dff5a3c1.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_62df7dff5a3c1.jpg"},"textNachBild":"","optionen":["cropped"],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"MediaTeaser","data":{"id":618,"title":"Media and news","slug":"medien-und-neuigkeiten","link":"/en/dev/part-data/postfossile-staedte-elemente/medien-und-neuigkeiten","media":[{"id":1397,"title":"The “postfossilCities” simulation game","slug":"simulationsspiel-postfossilcities","link":"/en/mediacenter/news/simulationsspiel-postfossilcities","datum":"2023-12-07","bild":{"id":1203,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_657183972aa30.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_657183972aa30.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_657183972aa30.jpg"},"type":"news","parent":906},{"id":1255,"title":"Completed NRP 73 research project: Post-fossil cities","slug":"completed-nrp-73-research-project-post-fossil-cities","link":"/en/mediacenter/news/completed-nrp-73-research-project-post-fossil-cities","datum":"2022-12-16","bild":{"id":1140,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_639f0f33b758b.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_639f0f33b758b.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_639f0f33b758b.jpg"},"type":"news","parent":906},{"id":1185,"title":"Wäger - Post‐fossil cities","slug":"waeger-post-fossil-cities","link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li7aOUhHjv4","bild":{"id":1032,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_633585edd2cb0.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_633585edd2cb0.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_633585edd2cb0.jpg"},"datum":"2018-01-31","type":"videos","parent":907}],"optionen":["parent"]}},{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":619,"title":"Background","slug":"hintergrund","link":"","textVorBild":"
Background
\n\n
In view of reaching the climate goals of the Paris Agreement, it is essential that the transformation of cities is actively reflected in an inter- and transdisciplinary process. This requires approaches and tools that enable a systemic perspective on the transformation, such as system modelling and games. While games have shown to be a viable means to facilitate experiential learning and increase personal engagement of players, system modelling enables users to test the effectiveness of policy measures.
The main goal of this project was to develop and apply a generic simulation game that allows players to find and evaluate pathways towards possible future cities under consideration of natural environment and societal constraints. Besides elements such as roles, game board and action cards, the game would include a model of the socio-economic metabolism of the Swiss economy with a focus on housing and transportation, and a simulation engine to run this and other complementary models, allowing players to test potential pathways to the post-fossil city from a systemic perspective.
The simulation game allows players to test climate change mitigation measures in a collaborative experimental setting and to experience synergies and trade-offs among the societal actors they represent. It has been designed for current and future decision-makers to inform about crucial aspects of the transformation to post-fossil cities, but can be played by all interested people. Currently it is available in English and German and can be played in facilitated workshops of 3 to 8 hours, both on-site and virtually. Playing the postfossilCities simulation game highlights the urgency of climate change and mitigation measures. Players learn about prioritizing mitigation measures in regard to effectiveness and timing; this may lead to the revision of existing mental models, e.g. regarding climate goals.
\n\n
\n\n
Sector-specific scenario analysis showcases impact of mitigation measures
\n\n
In view of simulating pathways towards possible future cities in the game, but also to analyse climate change mitigation strategies in the Swiss residential building sector and the Swiss passenger car sector, several socio-economic metabolism models were developed. The scenario analysis for the two sectors showed that technology-driven measures (e.g. phase out of fossil fuels, higher energy standards and renovation rates, car electrification) are highly effective in lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but that the full mitigation effect can be severely delayed by the time it takes to replace the existing technology stock. In contrast, lifestyle-driven measures (e.g. lower indoor temperatures, heated surfaces and floor area per capita, increased use of ride-sharing) were observed to be highly effective in reducing direct energy consumption with an immediate impact as they improve on the existing stock.
\n\n
The scenario analysis also showed that meeting all the climate goals (energy and emissions related goals) in the two sectors is possible by a combination of technology- and lifestyle-driven measures, provided that their magnitude and timing are well coordinated. To enable the integration and experimentation with these and other models into the postfossilCities game in an easy-to-use manner, a simulation engine based on the newly developed, agent-based “Agent Using Models” approach has been designed and implemented.
\n","bild":[],"textNachBild":"","optionen":["highlighted"],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":621,"title":"Implications for research","slug":"bedeutung","link":"","textVorBild":"
Implications for research
\n\n
In this project, two detailed socio-economic metabolism models addressing the residential building stock and the passenger car fleet were developed. Both models can serve as a robust basis for future research, including e.g. the evaluation of circular economy strategies. The “Agent Using Model” that has been developed to allow combining and co-executing various types of models in turn has the potential to be applied and further developed in other contexts where experimenting with heterogeneous models from different modelling paradigms is required.
\n","bild":[],"textNachBild":"","optionen":[],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":1275,"title":"Implications for practice","slug":"bedeutung-fuer-die-praxis","link":"","textVorBild":"
Implications for practice
\n\n
The postfossilCities simulation game developed in this project allows participants of game workshops to experience at first hand the urgency of climate action and the value of alliances across stakeholder boundaries. The game, which includes a set of 204 action cards, is suited for current and future decision-makers, e.g. from public administration, industry and politics, as well as for interested people in general. As reported by climate experts participating in game workshops, postfossilCities effectively conveys relevant facts in their overall context.
\n","bild":[],"textNachBild":"","optionen":[],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"Publikationen","data":{"id":1136,"title":"Publications","slug":"publikationen","link":"/en/dev/part-data/postfossile-staedte-elemente/publikationen","optionen":["parent"],"altLink":"","altDatei":[],"project":536}},{"component":"PersonTeaser","data":{"id":539,"title":"Contact","slug":"kontakt","link":"/en/dev/part-data/postfossile-staedte-elemente/kontakt","person":{"id":506,"title":"Dr. Patrick Wäger","slug":"dr-patrick-waeger","link":"/en/people/dr-patrick-waeger","bild":{"id":1143,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_63aade8f8b642.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_63aade8f8b642.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_63aade8f8b642.jpg"},"name":"Dr. Patrick Wäger","email":"patrick.waeger@empa.ch","telefon":"+41 58 765 78 45","addresse":"
The game developed by the researchers made me realise that in order to achieve the Paris climate goals, we must not lose any more time in phasing out the fossil energy system. And I experienced that this requires the determined cooperation of all social actors.
\n","author":"Nicolas Perrez","institution":"City of Winterthur","role":"Project Manager for Urban Development"},"t2":{"id":772,"title":"t2","slug":"t2","link":"/en/dev/part-data/testimonials-testimonials/t2","quote":"
We only started with drastic climate protection measures in the game when we realised how serious the situation was and how little time we had left. Then it wasn't enough in the end.
\n","author":"Student","institution":"OST, Rapperswil","role":"Participant in the Workshop from 18 May 2022"},"t3":{"id":773,"title":"t3","slug":"t3","link":"/en/dev/part-data/testimonials-testimonials/t3","quote":"
In the simulation game postfossilCities we experienced the urgency to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The focus on the remaining greenhouse gas budget as a target was essential. In my opinion, the game is suitable for municipal or city councillors, for example, to playfully deal with the topic in different roles.
\n","author":"Marcel Sturzenegger","institution":"Office for Water and Energy, Department of Construction and Environment, Canton St. Gallen","role":"Head of Energy"}}}}],"intro":"
The simulation game “postfossilCities” provides an experimental space to explore the transformation to climate-neutral, post-fossil cities. The game is designed for current and future decision-makers, but can be played by all interested people. postfossilCities can be played in facilitated workshops, which are conducted on-site or virtually.
\n"},{"id":382,"title":"Decarbonisation of the transport sector","slug":"decarbonisation-of-the-transport-sector","link":"/en/projects/decarbonisation-of-the-transport-sector","tags":[{"id":42,"slug":"bodies-confederation-cantons-municipalities","title":"Bodies (Confederation, cantons, municipalities)","link":"/en/tags/viewpoint/bodies-confederation-cantons-municipalities","group":40},{"id":43,"slug":"politics","title":"Politics","link":"/en/tags/viewpoint/politics","group":40},{"id":45,"slug":"consumers","title":"Consumers","link":"/en/tags/viewpoint/consumers","group":40},{"id":1107,"slug":"retail-trade-and-consumption","title":"Retail trade and consumption","link":"/en/tags/focus/retail-trade-and-consumption","group":145},{"id":1111,"slug":"policy-instruments-and-legal-framework","title":"Policy instruments and legal framework","link":"/en/tags/focus/policy-instruments-and-legal-framework","group":145},{"id":1112,"slug":"education-skills-and-social-welfare","title":"Education, skills and social welfare","link":"/en/tags/focus/education-skills-and-social-welfare","group":145}],"vorschaubild":{"id":60,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_62debe02e378b.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_62debe02e378b.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_62debe02e378b.jpg"},"kontakt":"Markus Maibach","optionen":["full"],"technicalName":"","projektLink":"https://www.infras.ch/de/projekte/Was-bedeutet-klimaneutrale-Mobilitaet-fuer-die-Schweizer-Wirtschaft/","institutions":[{"id":395,"title":"INFRAS","slug":"infras","link":"/en/institutions/infras"}],"topic":91,"sdg":297,"color":"#F59C0E","parts":[{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":384,"title":"Decarbonisation of the transport sector","slug":"klimaneutrale-mobilitaet-ohne-wirtschaftliche-einbussen","link":"","textVorBild":"","bild":{"id":60,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_62debe02e378b.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_62debe02e378b.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_62debe02e378b.jpg"},"textNachBild":"","optionen":["cropped"],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"MediaTeaser","data":{"id":394,"title":"Media and news","slug":"medien-und-neuigkeiten","link":"/en/dev/part-data/klimaneutrale-mobilitaet-ohne-wirtschaftliche-einbussen-elemente/medien-und-neuigkeiten","media":[{"id":1135,"title":"Policy Brief N°3: Decarbonisation of the transport sector","slug":"nfp-73-policy-brief-nr-3-2022","link":"https://nfp73.ch/download/95/230821_SNF_NFP73_PB_Maibach_EN.pdf?inline=true","bild":{"id":1133,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_63986fc5e6e20.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_63986fc5e6e20.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_63986fc5e6e20.jpg"},"datum":"2022-10-20","type":"policy-briefs","parent":910},{"id":1201,"title":"Podcast E3: Um Netto-Null bis 2050 zu erreichen ...","slug":"podcast-e3-um-netto-null-bis-2050-zu-erreichen","link":"https://open.spotify.com/episode/143qOQdREmWPqmAbTGF7qD","bild":{"id":1130,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_63986d291627b.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_63986d291627b.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_63986d291627b.jpg"},"datum":"2022-10-07","type":"podcasts","parent":908},{"id":1179,"title":"Maibach - Decarbonisation of the transport sector","slug":"maibach-decarbonisation-of-the-transport-sector","link":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6BVEi2QHpk","bild":{"id":1026,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_63358409ce8df.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_63358409ce8df.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_63358409ce8df.jpg"},"datum":"2018-02-01","type":"videos","parent":907}],"optionen":["parent"]}},{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":385,"title":"Background","slug":"hintergrund","link":"","textVorBild":"
Background
\n\n
In Switzerland the transport sector considerably contributes to the greenhouse gas emissions, and is, contrary to other sectors, not yet on an emission reduction path. In order to mitigate climate change in the transport sector, a vast decarbonisation is vital. Thus, this project fills a research gap by developing and analysing different decarbonisation scenarios of the transport sector in Switzerland and its economic impacts. The focus of the project lays on passenger transport. The scenarios are analysed using a multi-model framework, linking a computational general equilibrium model with two external transportation models.
\n\n
Three general approaches to reduce GHG emissions are distinguished (Ökoinstitut et. al. 2016):
\n\n
\n
Improved technology: Improving fuel efficiency, motor vehicle efficiency towards low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies.
\n
Increased occupancy rate: Increasing vehicle efficiency (capacity use and load factors).
\n
Modal Shift: Modal shift and multimodal use of other (less carbon intensive) transport modes such as railways, new transport systems, cycling, etc
The analysis of the main strategies shows that no single approach alone can achieve the targeted decarbonisation of passenger transport. Following the analysis of the models on economic effects, we therefore tested combinations of the three approaches that can attain the targeted decarbonisation with the most favourable economic effects. This optimisation analysis was realized with the model using the combination of all variants of the three approaches. It resulted in a benchmark curve.
\n\n
The main results of these optimisation steps in the three scenario analyses show clearly:
\n\n
\n
\n
Decarbonisation of transport with positive economic effects is possible. Moreover, the external costs of transport are reduced thanks to the decarbonisation strategy, requiring lower adjustment costs and mitigation efforts.1
\n
\n
\n
The technical approach for the electrification of vehicles is very important, but alone it clearly fails to attain the targeted decarbonisation. Additional efforts are required in terms of efficiency and optimisation, meaning an optimal combinationof the three approaches mentioned above.
\n
\n
\n
Even the optimal combination of the three analysed approaches will not yet lead to a complete decarbonisation of transport in Switzerland. The targeted contribution is 80% by 2050.
\n
\n
\n
More stringent measures above and beyond this are necessary. In order to more rapidly attain the most important strategy element in terms of emissions – promotion of battery-powered electric transport – an additional ban of vehicles using fossil fuels (combustion ban) is necessary. This brings investment security in the production and purchase of vehicles and will lead to an accelerated market saturation of e-vehicles. The 2050 climate-neutrality target can be attained togetherwith the elements of the three approaches.
\n
\n
\n\n
The following table and subsequent graph show the most important economic effects quantified in the model.
\n\n
The final economic indicator is social welfare; it consists of real income/GDP and benefits of increased leisure and opportunities due to a reduction of transport demand.
\n\n
\n\n
1 We always assume here that the necessary efforts will be done in other countries, resulting in a global contribution.
\n\n
Table 1: Main results of the model analyses of decarbonisation of private transport until 2050
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n
Indicator / Value 2050
\n
\n
\n
Reference
\n
\n
\n
Scenario 1
\n
\n
\n
Scenario 2
\n
\n
\n
Scenario 3
\n
\n
\n
OPT 1
\n
\n
\n
OPT 2: \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
“BAU”
\n
\n
\n
“CAPU”
\n
\n
\n
“SHIFT”
\n
\n
\n
“TECH”
\n
\n
\n
“Combina-tion”
\n
\n
\n
“OPT 1 plus ban”
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Number of private cars
\n
\n
\n
5.2 Mio.
\n
\n
\n
3.7 Mio.
\n
\n
\n
3.8 Mio.
\n
\n
\n
5.2 Mio.
\n
\n
\n
2.7 Mio.
\n
\n
\n
2.7 Mio.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Share E (BEV) of total cars
\n
\n
\n
35%
\n
\n
\n
35%
\n
\n
\n
35%
\n
\n
\n
65%
\n
\n
\n
65%
\n
\n
\n
96%
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Energy needs BEV (TWh)
\n
\n
\n
5.1
\n
\n
\n
3.6
\n
\n
\n
4.5
\n
\n
\n
9.7
\n
\n
\n
5.2
\n
\n
\n
6.6
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Net import of electricity (TWh)
\n
\n
\n
7.0
\n
\n
\n
5.0
\n
\n
\n
5.6
\n
\n
\n
9.9
\n
\n
\n
5.6
\n
\n
\n
6.7
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
transport performance, motorised individual transport (pkm)
\n
\n
\n
110 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
110 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
86 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
106 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
76 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
74 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
transport performance, public transport (pkm)
\n
\n
\n
37 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
38 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
60 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
38 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
63 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
47 Bn.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
CO2 emissions in private
\n
\n
\n
5.4
\n
\n
\n
3.9
\n
\n
\n
4.0
\n
\n
\n
2.7
\n
\n
\n
1.1
\n
\n
\n
0
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
transport
\n\n
Mio. t (in % to reference)
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
(-28%)
\n
\n
\n
(-25%)
\n
\n
\n
(-50%)
\n
\n
\n
(-79%)
\n
\n
\n
(-100%)
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Share of work transport (business and commuter), compared to BAU
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
-0.4%
\n
\n
\n
-0.1%
\n
\n
\n
-0.4%
\n
\n
\n
-0.5%
\n
\n
\n
-0.2%
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Share of leisure transport, compared to BAU
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
+0.5%
\n
\n
\n
+0.1%
\n
\n
\n
+0.4%
\n
\n
\n
+0.7%
\n
\n
\n
+1.0%
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Actual per capita consumption, compared to BAU
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
-0.3%
\n
\n
\n
-0.5%
\n
\n
\n
-0.6%
\n
\n
\n
-1.1%
\n
\n
\n
0%
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Actual net import, compared to BAU
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
-0.3%
\n
\n
\n
-0.2%
\n
\n
\n
0%
\n
\n
\n
-0.5%
\n
\n
\n
-1.3%
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Savings compared to BAU
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
+0.7%
\n
\n
\n
+0.2%
\n
\n
\n
+0.4%
\n
\n
\n
+1.0%
\n
\n
\n
+1.3%
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Actual GDP compared to BAU
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
0%
\n
\n
\n
-0.2%
\n
\n
\n
-0.2%
\n
\n
\n
-0.3%
\n
\n
\n
+0.2%
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Actual social welfare comp. BAU
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
+0.7%
\n
\n
\n
+0.3%
\n
\n
\n
+0.4%
\n
\n
\n
+1.0%
\n
\n
\n
+1.4%
\n
\n
\n\n
\n\n
BAU: business-as-usual, \nCAPU: increase of capacity use, \nSHIFT: modal shift towards public transport, \nTECH: improved fuel/engine technology and fostered diffusion of battery electric vehicle, \nOPT1/OPT2: optimal scenarios. OPT1 combines the specific approaches of the scenarios; OPT2 includes a ban of fossil fuels in order to reach the CO2 target
\n\n
BEV battery electric vehicles
\n\n
pkm: passenger kilometres
\n\n
TWH: terawatt hours.
\n\n
Table INFRAS/ETHZ.
\n\n
\n\n\n\n
Figure 1: Selected presentations of the key criteria of the scenarios for decarbonisation of private transport by 2050.
\n","bild":[],"textNachBild":"","optionen":["highlighted"],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":389,"title":"Implications for research","slug":"bedeutung-fuer-die-forschung","link":"","textVorBild":"
Implication for research
\n\n
In this project, we develop a comprehensive economic model that includes a highly disaggregated passenger transport sector for Switzerland. The scientific contribution and uniqueness of our approach are:
\n\n
\n
Combining transportation models with a CGE-Model
\n
The expansion of economic indicators beyond GDP and the integration of leisure (which also expands the classic value-added approach).
\n
The optimisation approach from edge case scenarios to optimal combinations.
\n
Explicit modelling of the important sector coupling “transport – production of renewable energies”.
\n
\n","bild":[],"textNachBild":"","optionen":[],"internerLink":[],"linkText":""}},{"component":"TextBild","data":{"id":390,"title":"Implications for practice","slug":"bedeutung-fuer-die-praxis","link":"","textVorBild":"
Implication for practice
\n\n
The results are directly useful for the climate policy debate in the field of transport. It is evident that the economic dimension must be extended from a classic GDP approach to a universal indicator of welfare in order to include all aspects. It becomes apparent that economically beneficial measures to increase capacity, but also bans, can be effective in finding the optimum position between efficiency and effectiveness. This means that in order to decarbonise the transport sector not only economic instruments are needed but a mix of instruments.
Reconciling prosperity and climate-friendly mobility
\n\n
We investigate the economic impact and the emissions savings potential of a decarbonisation pathway for the Swiss transport sector based on three scenarios and a combination of them: (1) improved fuel/engine technology and fostered diffusion of battery electric vehicle, (2) increased occupancy rate of passenger cars, and (3) enhanced modal shift towards public transport.
\n\n
The optimal decarbonisation mix pathway until 2050 slightly increases welfare and lowers CO2 emissions of passenger transport in 2050 from 6 to 1.7 million tons CO2 compared to the reference scenario. In order to reach full decarbonisation, a ban on fossil-fuelled vehicles is crucial in addition to economic measures. It not only accelerates the penetration of battery-electric cars, but also provides planning and investment security for the production and purchase of vehicles.
\n"}]}},{"component":"MediaTeaser","data":{"id":701,"title":"Medien","slug":"medien","link":"/en/dev/part-data/staedte-und-mobilitaet-elemente/medien","media":[{"id":1135,"title":"Policy Brief N°3: Decarbonisation of the transport sector","slug":"nfp-73-policy-brief-nr-3-2022","link":"https://nfp73.ch/download/95/230821_SNF_NFP73_PB_Maibach_EN.pdf?inline=true","bild":{"id":1133,"alt":false,"caption":false,"small":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/preview_63986fc5e6e20.jpg","normal":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/normal_63986fc5e6e20.jpg","large":"https://nfp73.b-cdn.net/public/images/gallery/retina_full_63986fc5e6e20.jpg"},"datum":"2022-10-20","type":"policy-briefs","parent":910}],"optionen":["parent"]}}]}},"pages":{"404":{"content":[{"component":"NotFound","data":{"id":-1}},{"component":"Footer","data":{"id":-2}}]}},"base":"https://nfp73.ch/api","beta":false,"locales":["de","en","fr"]};
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Portrait
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Life on land
Responsible consumption and production
Cities and Mobility
Building and Construction
Finance
Circular economy
Forest Management
Supply Chains
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Sustainable Behaviour
Decarbonisation of the transport sector
Post-fossil cities
Co-evolution of business strategies and resource policies in the building industry
Ecological footprint in the housing sector
Financing clean tech
Sustainable finance
Laboratory for circular economy
Towards a sustainable circular economy
Challenges of modular water infrastructure systems
Resource efficiency in Swiss hospitals
Ecosystem services in forests
Trade‐offs in forests
Insurance value of forest ecosystems
Enhancing supply chain sustainability
Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP)
Open assessment of Swiss economy and society
Digital innovations for sustainable agriculture
Impacts of Swiss food consumption and trade
Interaction of economy and ecology in Swiss farms
Switzerland’s sustainability footprint
Sustainable Trade Relations for Diversified Food Systems
Green labour market effects
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Legal framework for a resource-efficient circular economy
Nudging small and medium-sized companies
Rebound Effects of the Sharing Economy
Sustainable consumer behaviour
Extending the lifespan of mobile devices
The influence of environmental identities
Cities and Mobility
Key elements of a planned sustainable city are low energy consumption, sustainable use of space, building materials that are kept in circulation, and social equity. With an increasing urbanization trend, the demand for residential and commercial space is growing. This leads to higher levels of energy consumption as well as more waste. A sustainable economy requires a massive transformation of the infrastructure of urban spaces, as well as individual and public transportation. To become sustainable, cities must meet these challenges.
A research project has developed a simulation game for this purpose, which makes it possible to experience the processes required for this in a playful way.
The topic of "sustainable mobility" has been a focus of Swiss politics for years. Nevertheless, mobility continues to grow and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. In the long term, Swiss mobility should be environmentally friendly (net zero), economically efficient and at the same time accessible to all population groups and parts of the country.
A research project shows how the Swiss transport sector can achieve the net zero goal by 2050 with favorable economic effects.